Essays (67523 words) - , Term Papers, Research Papers

1. - . - , , , . , . , , . , , . . . - , (, , , , ), , , . , . . . , , , . , - . , , , , , . : - ; - ; - , - . - , , - - . . , , , . () (). - . . - , . - .. , . , , , , . . , , . , . , , , , (, .), , . , , . : , - . , , . , , , , , . , , , , , . . , , . 2. - . - , , , . , .

History Of Urban Growth Example

History Of Urban Growth Example History Of Urban Growth – Coursework Example Urbanization Affiliation Urban growth Urbanization is fundamental as it influence significant development and growth indeveloping countries. In the late eighteenth centuries, the cities were sparsely populated. Around the twentieth century, the urban population escalated in a varied dimension because of the increase in the suburban population. Agriculture was the core source of income in rural areas, but the dwindling returns from the sales made farmers resort to an option of migrating to urban areas seeking for salaried jobs. Moreover, there were discriminatory policies that farmers detested. Rural-urban migration was facilitated by industrialization in the urban areas, inventions in technologies, enhanced transport, communication and the growth of domestic market. People moved from rural areas to urban areas in search of employment opportunities, and seeking better amenities such as health care, education and other services. All this sparked an element of innovation and The increas ed urban concentration and the population density had significant effects in the urban areas. Due to the sudden rise in population and lack of proper planning, various social, political and economic problems arose. There was overcrowding, poor housing, poor sanitation and sewerage treatments, inadequate health facilities, pollution, increased crime rates, unemployment, poverty and illiteracy (Levy, 2013). There were new demands were put in place by the city government in order to improve the living standards. The local government had to improve the housing, proper sanitation, more health facilities, reduce the crime rate by deploying more guards and improve education access (Levy, 2013). Construction of more affordable houses, provision of clean water, more hospitals with affordable services garbage collection served the people better. Construction of more roads did make town accessible easier, hence saving more time.ReferencesLevy, J. M. (2013). Contemporary urban planning. Upper S addle River, N.J: Pearson Education.

The Death Sentence and Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Death Sentence and Texas - Essay Example The application of the death penalty in Texas makes several poignant statements: first, violent crimes in Texas will bring about violence in the application of the death penalty; second, it is a loud statement of lack of confidence in an individual’s ability to be rehabilitated after having committed a violent crime, regardless of the circumstances; and, third, demonstrates a confidence in the modern technologies, such as DNA testing, that have recently been proven to have been the basis for wrong convictions because DNA testing and maintenance of DNA samples were compromised. This raises the question of whether or not the continued application in Texas and elsewhere in the United States is in fact justice served. Or would justice be better served by holding off on the use of the death penalty, until the justice system can be certain, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the evidence it presents is irrefutable with respect to each life being put at risk? Also, can a system responsi ble for rehabilitating offenders really succeed in that goal, and can a criminal with a violent past be rehabilitated in a way where justice would be better served by life imprisonment as opposed to death? The justices decided on a 6-3 vote that the Texas jury that resentenced rapist-murderer Johnny Paul Penry after his 1989 appeal was given instructions that did not meet criteria the high court had earlier set, and they overturned his death sentence a second time (Murray 2001).† These are questions and situations that this essay will examine with respect to the application of the death penalty in the state of Texas. Individual cases where prisoners have been executed will be examined, as will some pending cases. The state of Texas is big, the history of Texas looms large in the overall history of the United States, and people from the state like to perceive themselves as

Environmental Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Environmental Studies - Essay Example Bio-centrism extends inherent value to all animals. This system dictates that human beings are equal to other living things. This ethical viewpoint gives all living things an equal platform, and at the same time reduces chances of exploitation. If this ethical viewpoint was followed by all human beings, then the world would be a better place for all. More over, human beings would not be dealing with the negative effects of pollution, and environmental degradation. While this idea is very noble, there is a perception that it is not practical after all. In other words, bio-spherical egalitarianism is hypothetical in nature and lacks any practical application. The other major weakness of this ethical viewpoint is that it disregards the environment in favor of the living things. If a human being is faced with a conflict between preserving the environment and living things, then they would rather favor the living things. In addition, biocentrism emphasizes on individualism, hence neglecti ng collective entities such as the ecosystem (Reichmann 45). Lastly, biocentrism suggests that there are limits to what humans can do with the environment (Agar 56). This goes against what is universally acceptable, and is very unrealistic. Taking such an unrealistic stance encourages human beings to become even more destructive. Based on this information, our conservation efforts need to be balanced, and human beings need to be accorded a higher status compared to other living things. Unlike other living creatures, human beings have the capacity to take care of the ecosystem and address the challenges facing the environment. If the conservation efforts are modeled according to this system, then human beings will be unable to exploit the environment. On the other hand, utilitarian conservation asserts that resources should be used for the greater good and for the greatest number. This approach

Anna Huffs Article Resistance Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anna Huffs Article Resistance Research - Essay Example Every paragraph is coherent and unified to the other. The student did an excellent job. The grammar errors were minimal in this paper. The only mistake I came across was punctuation issues, which can be corrected through proofreading. Keegan Farrell’s essay, Draft Zahra’s Paradise and Human Rights Abuses, discusses the current situation in Iran of how the regime is oppression its citizens. The article also discusses how the Iranians are opposing this rule, as well as how they are using human rights commissions to fight this rule. Punctuation was also the main grammar mistake in this paper. The student is not conversant with classifying positives in between their sentences. These can be rectified by proofreading the paper severely. Maria mentions people such as Eve Ensler who have endured the act of mistreatment as a way of giving textual evidence. Maria studies Eve deeply, which makes a reader understand what is going in Eve’s life. The grammar issues that I found in this paper include punctuation and incorrect use of prepositions. Such mistakes could be rectified also by proofreading the paper before handing it into the  instructor. Mike Strickland essay, Zahra’s Paradise and the Nonviolent Resistance Movement in Iran, talks about the oppression and resistance of Iranians being persuaded by their regime. Every paragraph of Strickland’s essay discusses the issue mentioned above. He explores the significance of oppression and resistance through explaining the effects of the resistance. As a way of giving textual evidence, the writer gives specific parties, which concern the oppression and resistance in Iran. The logic behind this organization is that the government considers itself superior to others, and what it does is final.

The Biological Determinism Or Social Constructionism Sociology Essay

The Biological Determinism Or Social Constructionism Sociology Essay Gender differs in culture and personal circumstances, they shape the way men and women behave according to their societys norms and values. Learning plays a major part in influencing gender roles, in what defines masculine and feminine, parents, teachers, friends, media, music, books and religion teach and reinforce gender roles throughout a lifetime. Gender roles are also shaped by the power of reward and punishment, as its used by some people to reinforce what they consider to be appropriate gender behaviour. In terms of influencing gender roles the influence of parents is significant as the family is the primary agency of socialisation. Gender roles are realities in almost everyones life. (Warnke 2008) This essay will discuss whether gender roles are determined by biological determinism; our genetics, or whether they are constructed by society; expectations in our environment. In addition theories explaining gender behaviours. Freud and Parsons had theories based on Biological determinism which depends on the presence or absence of certain chromosomes, DNA, proteins and hereditary genes. Men and women have obvious biological differences- a man can produce sperm, and women can produce ovum, lactation and go through pregnancy and menstruation. Without those two different sexes reproduction would not be possible, and our biological sexes are needed for our society to progress. A good example of this is the Bruce Reimer case. Bruce, an eight month old boy, underwent a circumcision that went terribly wrong, his penis was completely destroyed and with no hope of reconstructing the organ, his parents consulted Dr Money. Doctors and family decided Bruce would best function as a girl rather than a boy. He was surgically transformed into a girl, whom they named Brenda. From an early age Brenda felt she was a boy trapped in a girls body, she ripped off frilly dresses, rejected dolls in favor of guns, preferred to play with boys, and even insisted on urinating standing up. At fourteen she was so miserable that she decided either to live her life as a male or to end it, her father finally told her the truth. She underwent a new set of operations, assumed a male identity and later married and went on to become a father himself. Although Dr Money tried to apply the logic behind social determinism, Bruce revealed that despite dresses, social pressure, surgeries and fem ale hormones he never looked, acted or felt like a female. (Colapinto 2000) This shows social factors do not always override biological factors in determining gender. Social constructionism understands how gender roles are created by us in everyday lives. One sociologist, Margaret Mead, was one of the first to ground the distinction between the biological and social characteristics of men and woman based on her study in three civilizations. Each society displayed different gender role qualities. In one society both women and men were cooperative, in the second they were both ruthless and aggressive, and in the third the women were dominant and the men more obedient. (Mead 1935) This shows masculine and feminine roles are learnt and shaped in cultural socializations and not inborn, biological specific roles (Bown, 2012). Gendered behaviours are shaped especially in responses and reactions like in families, children and adult relations, workplace, groups, schools, media, texts, history, popular culture and social structures. During pregnancy and after birth people are divided into two sex categories, boy and girl, to which they received gender characteristics like colours, toys received as children by evasion, like football and trucks for boys, dolls and dresses for girls. In the course of her and his life the human being is then made into a girl or woman, boy or man. Many factors influence our behaviours such as education, social norms and values, stereotypes, identifications, images and traditions. Concept of woman and men are subject to change over time. What is to be feminine and masculine is historical defined. (Lavenda and Schultz 2011) These are all social contributors towards the way gender is shaped. In the nineties relationships between men and women were followed by tradition and religious views, the natural differences between the sexes were emphasized throughout the influential years of childhood. In marriage young men would commit to protect and provide for the woman with whom they had agreed to spend the rest of their lives. Marriage was considered a lifelong partnership with Nuptial vows to be kept despite all obstacles. Although men and women had unity of purpose in progression with their lives, the roles of each were very different, women were expected to remain at home caring for the children, cooking and housework, despite any educational background or career she may have previously had. The husbands role was to provide financially for the family as sole breadwinners and to teach their boys to be courageous and brave, to be out in front, to provide, to be tough and to sacrifice, to perform heavy, physical work at an early age. Mothers educated their daughters to be gen tle, modest, loyal, respectful and supportive, girls were assigned duties around the house assisting with cooking, sewing and cleaning. This behaviour reinforces the idea that gender roles are socially constructed. Women were influenced to break away from the traditional gender roles with the emergence of icons such as Marilyn Monroe, Lucille Bell and Betty Friedan. They were very popular and influenced woman in various ways, their motivational work encouraged woman to break out of gender roles, be more independent, be inspired to take on a new role, empower woman to take control of their bodies and to fight for equal opportunities that lead us to the present- with equality between everyone, no matter their gender. (Penny Colman 1995) this is another example of how social construction defines gender. Children, before they grow into adults, have been completely socially engineered and manipulated, generation by generation. Toys are the greatest influence in defining gender in children, as so often children are divided by stereotypes of toys. Children have a strong sense of gender identity and gender role expectations. Most two year olds know whether they are male or female and, by the age of four or five, not only do they develop gender constancy but often show rigid standards of what they believe is appropriate male and female dressing and behaviour. Young children appear to acquire gender roles stereotypes at about the same time they develop gender identity. Social construction has been pressed upon children from the moment they are born, so from an early age the signs of gender roles are already reinforced. Many sociologists insist we now live in postmodern society; shaped by our personal experience, egocentric and mass media, rather than expectations of following a script. Roles in the family had some changes, couples now make decisions together, expressing opinions openly and encouraging mutually the male role in the home is progressing, men are now more supportive in the housework tasks and more child-centred. Male and female roles and identities, which were previously very distinct, are now much more blurred. Women are increasingly choosing to take on roles previously fulfilled by men. Most women and mothers are now employed and occupy 48% of the work force with both men and woman more likely to choose the careers they want. There may be more women in the workforce than there were before but there still exists some division and segregation between the sorts of occupation in which women tend to work and the sorts of jobs men have. Woman are often located in secondary labour market wi th unsecure jobs, low status, inferior work conditions, low salaries and lower chances of promotion, while men retained the primary labour market with high paid salaries, higher status, more secure job placements, good working conditions and easier access to promotion. This explains gender roles are socially constructed whether at home on at work. . Biological determinism (in detail) dont describe, discuss analyse this argument what is it? Biological determinism (in detail) dont describe, discuss analyse this argument what is it? Paragraph 3. Social construction, feral children, children of deprived and a-sexual (media influences) Then next few are optional choose two or three to talk about Family Masculinity/Femininity The body Work roles Media.. Conclusion- shouldnt be too long just refer and summerise back to questiTo conclude, society was previously shaped by society norms and values. Children tended to follow parents footsteps. In postmodern societies, male and female roles and identities, which were previously very distinct, are now becoming blurred. People do not follow a fixed pathway, women dont assume they will become mothers and housewives, men and woman are much more likely to choose what to do in their lives and which identities to adopt. The activities traditionally assigned to members of each sex may no longer be needed and the traditional division of labour by biological sex no longer is appropriate. The traditional gender role for males prepares men for a world that no longer exists. Men no longer are the sole breadwinners in most families, and their traditional place of dominance in society no longer is assured. Change is occurring in the definition of gender roles and identity for both men and woman, with female increasing the participation in a world of paid work, increasing economical independence and viewed as significant consumers. Young females are becoming more self determined preferring to pursue careers and decline marriage and children, with this, woman are more likely to see consumption and leisure as a key factor in their identity, this suggests female identity is being redefined. Traditional ideas and roles of female identity are being abandoned and redefined, becoming a mother and housewife is less significant. And men defining their identity, by being in touch with his feminine side, taking on share roles with partner in housework duties and childcare. We now live in a society where anatomy is not a destiny, the roles and functions once so preserved are now fading in the past, and replaced by society in which true masculinity and femininity are no longer taught or understood. It is impossible to argue that gender is socially constructed or biologically driven because there is evidence that argue for both ways. Society and culture can no doubt shape the beliefs and standards for a certain society, however we cannot ignore our fundamental biological nature.

constitution :: essays research papers

The Constitution itself did not mention political parties, and it was assumed that none was going to arise. But this was soon proven wrong when the debates between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists in 1787 and 1788 stir into a two party system. This soon led to a permanent feature in American policies. In early times, groups of people formed temporary assembly and voted together either for or against a specific policy. When the policy was settled, the assemblies would dissolve. The Federalists and Anti-Federalist was sort of like these assemblies, but they didn’t dissolve that easily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1790’s became known as the Federalist Era because a Federalist President led it. Political parties began to form around two leaders, Hamilton and Jefferson. The Federalist Party supported Hamilton and his financial program. The opposing party that was known as the Democratic-Republican Party supported Jefferson and tried to elect candidates in different states who opposed Hamilton’s program. The French Revolution later hardened the formation of these two parties. Americans became sharply divided over whether it should or should not support France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federalist strength was greatest in the northeastern states and the places that favored the growth of a federal power. They supported British and aided businesses, national bank, and tariffs. Made up of the rich businessmen and large landowners. The Democratic-Republican power were the party whose supporters were mainly from the southern states and where people favored the protection of state rights and a weak central government. They supported French, favored agriculture, no national bank, and opposed tariffs. 2). Explain the circumstances that lead to the incorporation of a Bill of Rights in our federal Constitution. State two rights guaranteed to you by the Bill of Rights, and explain what privileges each right grants to you and what privileges each right grants to you and what obligations each right demands to you.